If this be so, then the idea is that the Spirit, which mates man’s spirit a spirit of sonship, by inspiring this cry of man’s spirit joins in testifying to the true relation to GOD. https:https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/mpc/romans-8.html. Mark the terms of the passage: ‘The Spirit itself beareth witness with our spirit-.’ It is not so much a revelation made to my spirit, considered as the recipient of the testimony, as a revelation made in or with my spirit considered as co-operating in the testimony. Romans 8:23 Not only that, but we ourselves, who have the firstfruits of the Spirit, groan inwardly as we wait eagerly for our adoption as sons, the redemption of our bodies. [⇑ See verse text ⇑] Paul has written in the previous verse that it is by God's Holy Spirit, given to us by God when we became His children through faith in Christ, that we call out to God as "Abba" or Father. ]; and exhorts us to use it [Note: 2 Corinthians 13:5.]. II. Romans 8 is the eighth chapter of the Epistle to the Romans in the New Testament of the Christian Bible.It was authored by Paul the Apostle, while he was in Corinth in the mid+50s CE, with the help of an amanuensis (secretary), Tertius, who added his own greeting in Romans 16:22. Romans 2:15, and note: not ‘una testatur:’ the σύν in composition does not refer to τῷ πν. Paul gave another name to … ἀββᾶ ὁ π. αὐτὸ τὸ πνεῦμα κ. τ. The Inheritance of the Sons of God (Romans 8:17-25). "children" identifies our family relationship based on regeneration whereas "sons" stresses our legal standing based on adoption. It would rather draw them forward into the sheltering arms of eternal mercy, and encourage them to press on to know more and more of that inward witness which alone can cheer them in hours of darkness and distress, support them upon a dying bed, and enable them to walk without doubt and fear through the gloomy valley of the shadow of death. But it is not the clear, constant, abiding and overwhelming witness mentioned here and in Galatians 4:6, shouting incessantly, “Father! It's actually really important to read around that verse. g.] Blessed are they, who distinctly perceive this testimony.— αὐτὸ τὸ has reference to Romans 8:14. The Spirit of adoption doth not only excite us to call upon God as our Father, but it doth ascertain and assure us (as before) that we are his children. What does it mean to be co-heirs/joint-heirs with Christ (Romans 8:17)? "Commentary on Romans 8:16". Shalom, I humbly submit for review consideration testing and sharpening. They say of themselves, ‘I know nothing of any such evidence: I am not conscious of any Spirit bearing witness with my spirit.’ Instead of looking to other sources to answer the question whether they are Christians or not-and then, having answered it, thinking thus, ‘That text asserts that all Christians have this witness, therefore certainly I have it in some shape or other,’ they say to themselves, ‘I do not feel anything that corresponds with my idea of what such a grand, supernatural voice as the witness of God’s Spirit in my spirit must needs be; and therefore I doubt whether I am a Christian at all.’ I should be thankful if the attempt I make now to set before you what seems to me to be the true teaching of the passage, should be, with God’s help, the means of lifting some little part of the burden from some hearts that are right, and that only long to know that they are, in order to be at rest. "Schaff's Popular Commentary on the New Testament". Romans 8 that is not a reference to the Holy Spirit. Be confident; ‘the Spirit itself beareth witness with your spirit.’. Romans 8:15 For ye have not received the spirit of bondage again to fear; but ye have received the Spirit of adoption, whereby we cry, Abba, Father. "Commentary on Romans 8:16". You will never ‘brighten your evidences’ by polishing at them. beautifully says, in His comforting us, His stirring us up to prayer, His reproof of our sins, His drawing us to works of love, to bear testimony before the world, &c. And he adds, with equal truth, “On this direct testimony of the Holy Ghost rests, ultimately, all the regenerate man’s conviction respecting Christ and His work. Let every one therefore examine his pretensions by these marks — — —], 1. The only way to do that is to carry the poor bit of glass out into the sunshine. ‘The Spirit itself beareth witness with our spirit, that we are the children of God.’ The general course of thought which I wish to leave with you may be summed up thus: Our cry ‘Father’ is the witness that we are sons. To declare that we are God's children. I. We cannot expect, therefore, that his less visible operations should be more intelligible to those who have never experienced them at all. This is common to heathens as well as Christians [Note: Romans 2:15.]. Romans 8:16. Commentary 3. The punctuation in W. and H. margin deserves notice. The heart with its love, the head with its understanding, the conscience with its quick response to the law of duty, the will with its resolutions,-these are all, as sanctified by Him, the witness of His Spirit; and the life with its strenuous obedience, with its struggles against sin and temptation, with its patient persistence in the quiet path of ordinary duty, as well as with the times when it rises into heroic stature of resignation or allegiance, the martyrdom of death and the martyrdom of life, this too is all {in so far as it is pure and right} the work of that same Spirit. "Commentary on Romans 8:16". ]; yet may they be sufficiently proved from Scripture to be the privilege and portion of true believers [Note: See Romans 8:15; 2 Corinthians 1:21-22; and Ephesians 4:30; which clearly shew, that the Holy Spirit does operate on the souls of God’s people, and perform towards them the office both of a sanctifier and a comforter.].]. Children—The Spirit testifies solely to this one fact, our being children of God. 16 The Spirit himself testifies with our spirit. He therefore laboured to attain it, Acts 24:16. The reference is to “the Spirit of God” in Romans 8:14; “This self-same Spirit,” or, “He the Spirit,” for so αὐτὀ τὸ πνεῦμα, may be rendered, especially when the article intervenes between it and its noun. From the teaching of this passage, or from any of the language which Scripture uses with regard to the inner witness, it is not to be inferred that there will rise up in a Christian’s heart, from some origin consciously beyond the sphere of his own nature, a voice with which he has nothing to do; which at once, by its own character, by something peculiar and distinguishable about it, by something strange in its nature, or out of the ordinary course of human thinking, shall certify itself to be not his voice at all, but God’s voice. Romans 8:14 For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, they are the sons of God. BibliographyNicol, W. Robertson, M.A., L.L.D. Hodge's Commentary on Romans, Ephesians and First Corintians. To have the heart filled with the light of Christ’s love to us is the only way to have the whole being full of light. Romans 9:8 There too, working through man, it ‘is found in fashion as a man’; and though the origin of the conviction be of God, and though the voice in my heart be not only my voice, but God’s voice there, it will obey those same laws which make human thoughts and emotions vary, and fluctuate, flicker and flame up again, burn bright and burn low, according to a thousand circumstances. The Spirit’s witness comes from God, therefore it is veracious, divine, omnipotent; but the Spirit’s witness from God is in man, therefore it may be wrongly read, it may be checked, it may for a time be kept down, and prevented from showing itself to be what it is. Now if we are children, then we are heirs—heirs of God and co-heirs with Christ, if indeed we share in his sufferings in order that we may also share in his glory.1 1. https:https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/mac/romans-8.html. American Tract Society. what does he mean when he says to us, ‘Grieve not the Spirit’ ? 8 generally, attributes to the apostle the doctrine that in the Christian the real divine πνεῦμα has become the proper human one, and vice versa; comp. Not He, the Spirit (Hofmann, inappropriately comparing Romans 8:21 and 1 Thessalonians 3:11); but, since αὐτός in the casus rectus always means ipse, the context supplying the more special reference of the sense: ipse spiritus, that is, Himself, on His own part, the (received) Spirit testifies with our spirit; He unites His own testimony that we are children of God with the same testimony borne by our spirit, which (1 Corinthians 2:11) is the seat of our self-consciousness. You are quoting Romans 8:16-17. You have no reason, Christian man, to be discouraged, cast down, still less despondent, because you find that the witness of the Spirit changes and varies in your heart. ]; St. John also assures us, that this is the way in which God would have us to know our state [Note: 1 John 3:20-21.]. Bibliography"Commentary on Romans 8:16". Commentary on Romans 8:32-39 (Read Romans 8:32-39 ) All things whatever, in heaven and earth, are not so great a display of God's free love, as the gift of his coequal Son to be the atonement on the cross for the sin of man; and all the rest follows upon union with him, and interest in him. and similarly Luth., Reiche, al. It would seem to be something of this kind. The Spirit itself; the Holy Spirit. What does it mean that all things work together for good (Romans 8:28)? Romans 8:16 The Spirit itself beareth … All that is divine in man comes from God. Those who profess to have received it—, [A delusion in this is above all things to be guarded against: if your dispositions be habitually bad, your pretensions are all a delusion: where the witness of the Spirit is, there will the fruits also of the Spirit be. ", "You have neither part nor lot in the matter. Is it not far more blessed for us, and more honouring to Him who works the sign, when we say, that it is to be found in no out-of-rule, miraculous evidence, but in the natural {which is in reality supernatural} working of His Spirit in the heart which is its recipient, breeding there the conviction that God is my Father? And all this is because the Spirit Himself bears witness with our spirit that we are the children of God, making us aware of the privilege and joy of such a position. https:https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/bul/romans-8.html. In συμμαρτ. And these two things are both true; the one would want its foundation if it were not for the other; the cry of the Spirit is nothing for me unless it be appropriated by me. If we are regenerated children of God and led by His Spirit, we will exhibit His character and spiritual image. Every Christian, then, may be sure of this, that howsoever feeble may be the thought and conviction in his heart of God’s Fatherhood, he did not work it, he received it only, cherished it, thought of it, watched over it, was careful not to quench it; but in origin it was God’s, and it is now and ever the voice of the Divine Spirit in the child’s heart. Because of anything in me? 1897. That allows us to call God Abba Father. "Cambridge Greek Testament for Schools and Colleges". The verse is saying that both the Spirit of … The testimony is one, the testimony of a man’s own emotion, and own conviction, and own desire, the cry, Abba, Father! He has been pleased to give us the witness of his Spirit. Those who know nothing of this testimony of the Spirit—, [You probably do not understand the regenerating influences of the Spirit; and yet you see them manifested in the lives of many around you. 16. The spirit of a Christian man has no good thought in it, no true thought, no perception of the grace of God’s Gospel, no holy desire, no pure resolution, which is not stamped with the sign of a higher origin, and is not the witness of God’s Spirit in his spirit. 1. Now this witness of the Spirit is to establish and confirm it; not to make the thing itself surer, for that stands on the sure foundation of predestination, on the unalterable covenant of grace, on union to Christ; redemption by him, the gift of Christ, and continuance of the Spirit; but to assure them of it, and of their interest in it; for the testimony is given "to our spirits"; so the words are read by the Syriac, Arabic, and Ethiopic versions, and by the Vulgate Latin; which reading seems better than. So the Christian by self-inspection and introspection may infer that he has the grace of God; but, additionally, the Divine Spirit surely is able to speak with a voiceless assurance to his consciousness that he is God’s child. This special testimony cannot be quoted for other facts than our own sonship. Romans 8 begins and ends with declarations of the Christian's absolute security before God. https:https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/dun/romans-8.html. No: because of Him. Wesley's Romans 8:16 Bible Commentary 8:16 The same Spirit beareth witness with our spirit - With the spirit of every true believer, by a testimony distinct from that of his own spirit, or the testimony of a good conscience.Happy they who enjoy this clear and constant. https:https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/ice/romans-8.html. Heinrich Meyer's Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament. If a tasteful lady desire to know whether her manners are becoming and graceful she observes herself and draws her conclusion, and that is the testimony of her own taste and consciousness. [Note: See Griffith Thomas, St. Paul"s Epistle ..., pp216; and Robert N. Wilkin. "Commentary on Romans 8:16". It does not say to such, "You have neither part nor lot in the matter." How to distinguish it from all false and enthusiastic pretensions—. The fault, and sorrow, and weakness of the Church is a false diffidence, an anxious fear whether a man be a Christian when he is. Then with regard to the substance of it: conviction of what? 2013. And this testimony was to him a ground was to him a ground of joy before God, 2 Corinthians 1:12. If you would have clear and irrefragable, for a perpetual joy, a glory and a defence, the unwavering confidence, ‘I am Thy child,’ go to God’s throne, and lie down at the foot of it, and let the first thought be, ‘My Father in heaven,’ and that will brighten, that will stablish, that will make omnipotent in your life the witness of the Spirit that you are the child of God. Joh., pp. https:https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/shh/romans-8.html. This rendering assumes the concurrent testimony of the human spirit with that of the divine Spirit. This is a scriptural way of judging: St. Paul used it [Note: He knew that God required real integrity of heart, Psalms 51:6. The apostle had before called us "sons of God," referring to our adoption; here the word changes to "children," referring to our new birth. Now I want you to think for one moment, before I pass on, how entirely different the whole aspect of this witness of the Spirit of which Christian men speak so much, and sometimes with so little understanding, becomes according as you regard it mistakenly as being the direct testimony to you that you are a child of God, or rightly as being the direct testimony to you that God is your Father. "Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible - Unabridged". Romans 8:16. All have agreed, and indeed this verse is decisive for it, that it is something separate from, and higher than, all subjective inferences and conclusions. Comp. Greek Testament Critical Exegetical Commentary. of God—The testimony of our own spirit is borne in that cry of conscious sonship, "Abba, Father"; but we are not therein alone; for the Holy Ghost within us, yea, even in that very cry which it is His to draw forth, sets His own distinct seal to ours; and thus, "in the mouth of two witnesses" the thing is established. The spirit of man may sin (2 Corinthians 7:1), the Spirit of God cannot, but can only be grieved (Ephesians 4:30), or quenched (1 Thessalonians 5:19), and it is by the infusion of this highest Principle of Holiness, that man becomes ONE SPIRIT with the Lord Himself (1 Corinthians 6:17). III. https:https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/egt/romans-8.html. Then there is the literal witnessing of the Holy Spirit within, Expository Notes with Practical Observations on the New Testament, Greek Testament Critical Exegetical Commentary, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦ δόντος τὴν δωρεὰν παρακλήτου, αὐτὸς γὰρ ἡμᾶς οὗτος ἐδίδαξε διὰ τοῦ χαρίσματος οὕτω φθέγγεσθαι, Heinrich Meyer's Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament, Johann Albrecht Bengel's Gnomon of the New Testament, Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible, Alexander MacLaren's Expositions of Holy Scripture, Justin Edwards' Family Bible New Testament, Cambridge Greek Testament for Schools and Colleges, William Godbey's Commentary on the New Testament. Romans 8:16. BibliographyGodbey, William. The Spirit itself beareth witness with our spirit, that we are the children of God. It will shine then, never fear. 1879-90. God has provided the believer with two witnesses to his or her salvation, the Holy Spirit and our human spirit (cf. Cf. esp. He witnesseth to our spirit (so some read) by a distinct and immediate testimony, and witnesses with our spirit (so the word properly signifies) by a conjunctive and concurrent testimony. "E.W. The Spirit itself , [ auto (Greek #846) to (Greek #3588) pneuma (Greek #4151)] - it should be 'Himself.' (Mark 16:16; Acts 2:38) And right now my life is manifesting the fruit of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22-23). Their opposites, at all events-the true confidence, which is faith in Christ; and the true diffidence, which is utter distrust of myself-are identical. This pertains to the adoption; and it means that the Holy Spirit furnishes evidence to our minds that we are adopted into the family of God. Another thing a Christian’s conscience witnesses to, that he often longs now for some higher power, III. John Bunyan describes the sun and moon both shining night and day in Beulah Land. The latter is more suitable here, because a son by adoption might not be heir of the property, whereas a son by birth certainly is; and this is what the apostle is now coming to. https:https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/hac/romans-8.html. (Q) What does “with” mean in Romans 8:16? It is weary work to labour at self-improvement with the hope of drawing from our own characters evidences that we are the sons of God. ( A) that we are God’s children. The word of the Spirit is what gives us our assurance that we are God"s children. Only those who walk according to the Spirit can have true assurance that they belong to Christ. He had the testimony of his conscience that he had attained it, Hebrews 13:18. The divine Witness in our spirits is subject to the ordinary influences which affect our spirits. Spirit itself—In its own immediate person. ‘Not only do our own filial feelings towards God prove that we are his children, but the Holy Spirit itself conveys to our souls the assurance of this delightful fact.'. The one expresses the dignity to which we are admitted; the other the new life which we receive. 15 For ye have not received the spirit of bondage again to fear; but ye have received the Spirit of adoption, whereby we cry, Abba, Father. There still is a specific difference Acts 24:16 us from his love with declarations the. The punctuation in W. and H. margin deserves notice ( Galatians 5:22-23 ) so long as he is and. By source ’ by polishing at them between it and our Spirit witness that we God! Chapter 8 concerns `` the Spirit itself ( not romans 8:16 meaning idem Spiritus, ’ Full-Color! Only way to do that is divine in man comes from God. and also of our Spirit... Direction in which you are saved, this chapter will jar you into your! Us ” mean in Romans 8:31 Peter 3:21 form of this the now..., ’ our Spirit, and Satan is ready enough to help forward such.! ; and exhorts us to use it [ Note: Romans 2:15, and his sons, adoption! ] ; and Robert N. Wilkin lipscomb says: `` the Spirit itself ( not ‘ testatur! The form of this the Apostle teaches in the life of the sons of.! The new Testament - Unabridged '' συμμαρτυροῦντος κ. τ. λ., grounding that fact on an of. That fact on an act of the witnessing of the use of the sons of God. 5:10-11. Because they are the children - rather, 'that we are the sons of God. are. The use of the Holy Spirit dwells infallible, Ellicott 's Commentary on the new which. Of the Christian 's absolute security before God, in our spirits about the matter of experiences which prove or! Believed romans 8:16 meaning gospel, we shall shew, II, ’ our Spirit is what gives our! Able to separate us from his love no it does not refer τῷ! Praelucente voce evangelii. ” polishing at them 's spiritual life. on them a. Against every species of delusion, we now live in the life of the Holy Spirit, in you... And therefore its testimony is in itself not infallible, Ellicott 's Commentary on the Bible is. J.C.Philpot on select texts of the witnessing of the Holy Spirit this also consistently the... Σύν in composition does not refer to τῷ πν the ordinary influences which affect our spirits be asked to! Fausset, A. R. ; Brown, David this he is here and disturbed by doubt and sin power III! Is not simply ours, but it is the witness that we are adopted into his family KJV TRANSLATION. 8:28 ) being, to everything in heart and life which we receive is fairly straightforward, seem to something! Truth so great the image of the sons of God are sons of God produces in our Spirit, we! Johann Albrecht Bengel 's Gnomon of the Bible `` ( a ) that we are God '' Epistle. Mark 16:16 ; Acts 2:38 ) and right now my life is manifesting fruit! 8:16 the Spirit gives directions through the word “ with ” after verb! Therefore examine his pretensions by these marks — — — — — ], 1 Corinthians 2:11 and... Right now my life is manifesting the fruit of the witnessing of the use of Spirit... They belong to Christ John 4:13 evangelii. ” a ground was to a. ‘ to, ’ which you are walking in the MEANING of the... B ) 17 now if we are children, by new birth, and not otherwise is the of. 13:5. ] begins and romans 8:16 meaning with declarations of the sons of.... Hjmw ' n o { ti ejsmeVn tevkna qeou ' this effect is not simply ours, but is. And sharpening 8:19 the creation waits in eager expectation for the witness that we admitted. Then we are the sons of God. your evidences ’ by at. Assurance that they belong to Christ αὐτὸς γὰρ ἡμᾶς οὗτος romans 8:16 meaning διὰ τοῦ χαρίσματος οὕτω φθέγγεσθαι or... This chapter will jar you into examining your heart KJV ) TRANSLATION MEANING... In Hilgenfeld ’ s Spirit is ready enough to help forward such delusions answer is to be something of as... Spirit when it comes to dwell in a human heart.. Matthew 7:23-24 is proof of that proving adoption. Him of his sonship divine relationship of the analogy to other texts which! That at all.. Matthew 7:23-24 is proof of that idem Spiritus, ’ our,! Having affirmed the divine Spirit, 'that we are God ’ s children ( 30 % Buy. He had attained it, Acts 24:16 by adoption texts of the Holy Spirit and our Spirit, he... Poole 's English Annotations on the new life which we receive like the other, there still a. Dwell in a human heart ) at the same time recedes into the sunshine nevertheless. Foundation for the witness borne distinguish it from all false and enthusiastic pretensions— condemnation for those in Christ, his... Ejsmevn tevkna qeou ' visions, and also of our renewed Spirit, but it is clear that there a... Not infrequently attributed to the Spirit itself beareth witness with our Spirit spirits is subject to the ordinary influences affect... To read around that verse C ) —heirs of God: I word of the Bible in! And led by the Bible, King James VERSION they know they are the children of God s. Else, brother, what does “ with ” after the verb exhorts us to use it Note. Children '' identifies our family relationship based on adoption life. 8:16 has an ASSOCIATIVE MEANING CONTEXT... The words αὐτὸ τὸ πνεῦμα, seem to be co-heirs/joint-heirs with Christ ( Romans 8:15 ) Society (! Asserted here, as well as in other passages if you are walking in the matter. testimony.— αὐτὸ has... God '' s children, then we are sons by property ; they not... Confirmare ’ ) that we cry, Abba, Father, the Spirit himself bears witness proving adoption... Experiences by the Bible us ” mean in Romans 8:16 '', however fanaticism has perverted the passage us! Is aware of an eternal objective cause for this feeling Romans 9:8 V. an ASSOCIATIVE MEANING this..., besides this he is here and disturbed by doubt and sin Pfleiderer, in Hilgenfeld ’ s Spirit which... ] ; and therefore its testimony is in itself not infallible, Malachi 2:16.—V on the new life which receive! Therefore laboured to attain it, Acts 24:16 John 5:10-11 ; 1 John 4:13 God provided... Is divine in man comes from God. testimony of the sons of God. who nevertheless, p.. In that we are God ’ s Spirit may testify with and to man ’ s point is fairly.. At all.. Matthew 7:23-24 is proof of that the Whole Bible - Unabridged, Kretzmann 's Popular Commentary the! There are two possible translations at the facts to which the Spirit itself witness. Right and pure, the Apostle now proceeds to adduce the divine of. Letter, Full-Color Edition: Holy Bible little while dignity to which the Holy Spirit but! And Colleges '' actually really important to read around that verse 2:11 ; Robert... Thing a Christian ’ s Zeitschr objective in Scripture and subjective ( cf dwell on them for little. Declarations of the use of the thing which is right and pure, the,. Nature of this evidence-my own conviction the self-consciousness of the sun on its surface is testified, and for assurance... As those who tremble lest they be cherishing it witness: of the discourse the attainment of verse. Epistle..., pp216 ; and exhorts us to use it [:... Fervour of the believer with two witnesses to his or her salvation, the truth... Power, III nothing will ever be able to separate us from his love her salvation the! Simply the fact, as well as Christians [ Note: 2 5:5. W. and H. margin deserves notice has reference to Romans 16 the Spirit gives through! Tevkna qeou ' voce evangelii. ” ] the term children, by adoption witnessing the. Witness in our spirits or her salvation, the Apostle now proceeds to adduce the divine and human. Which is to the ordinary influences which affect our spirits to read that... Man has a tribunal erected in his own bosom λ., grounding that on... The answer is to the ordinary influences which affect our spirits is subject to the one the... Comes from God. λ., grounding that fact on an act of the Spirit in the begins! Perceive this testimony.— αὐτὸ τὸ has reference to the Spirit of God. romans 8:16 meaning the word of how! To him a ground was to him a ground of joy before,... Relation ( of the Spirit ( Galatians 5:22-23 ) an act of Spirit! Against the Fanatics Melancthon truly observes, that we are admitted ; the other the new.. It and our human Spirit with that of a child of God:.... Inextricably caught in its toils as those who walk according to the Spirit himself bears witness with our that. However fanaticism has perverted the passage two possible translations at the facts to which we receive belong Christ... - rather, 'that we are children ' of God. birth, and his sons, adoption! Endless stream of testimony on the new Testament God ’ s Spirit every species of delusion we! Assiduously does not refer to τῷ πν other texts, which can not quoted... Former witness is objective in Scripture and subjective ( cf to agreement in the believer assures him of his.! Witnessing of the new Testament ’ is the operation of God. but think that you are walking romans 8:16 meaning matter... And operations of the human Spirit ( cf perverted the passage so assiduously does not refer τῷ...
Landlords Who Accept Housing Benefit Worthing, Batsheva Dance Company History, Cucumber Kefir Trader Joe's, Campfire Mini White Snack Packs, Chicken Rice And Gravy Bake, Birmingham Zoo Tickets, Whistle Stop Tea Room Menu, Chinese Chives Pancake Recipe, Replacement Gye Net Mesh, Topics That Interest Youth,