in a remote region of Nevada. Lower value of acid-insoluble ash is indicative of the presence of a small amount of non-physiological components like silica and silicates. According to Kikuchi and Miki (1978) the sarocarp contains cholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, b-sitosterol, and isofucosterol.The dry date seed contains 7.9% moisture, 5.2% protein, 6.8% fat, 65.5% carbohydrates, 13.6% fiber, and 0.89% ash. Phase contrast microscopy showing the pattern of bacterial biofilm formation and its inhibition. Negative control slide without Date palm extracts and positive control slide with ampicillin instead of Date palm extract were also prepared. The fruit contains a single seed. Ripe and dry dates fruit bunches at the Khurram Abdullah Bajwa Date Farm in Medina. Medicinal plants are the promising natural anti-oxidative agents due to the presence of a variety of bioactive constituents, principally the phenolics and flavonoids.34 Dates are rich source of phenolics and flavonoids due to which they have potential role in protection against cellular damage caused by oxidative stress generated by free radicals produced in the body.7 Some varieties of P. dactylifera are rich source of dietary fibers so they can be included in formulation of fiber and group of antioxidant food.35 Results of different antioxidant assays including DPPH inhibition assay, reducing power assay, total phenolics content (TPC) and total flavonoids content (TFC) are given in Table 2. Ajwa has lower ash content which showed that Ajwa has lower inorganic compounds. All the experiments were conducted in triplicate and the data were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) of replicate measurements. These effects proposed that scavenging capabilities of various extracts of Date palm was dependent on the concentration against DPPH. The biofilm inhibition potential of Date palm ethanolic extracts was also observed through Phase contrast microscopy. In this study, for the first time, the essential oil content and composition of spathe from seven date palm varieties, Phoenix dactylifera L. (var. Fahad Khalid Aldhafiri, Evaluation of biochemical parameters, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of some varieties of Phoenix dactylifera L. (Date fruits) to determine the nutritional impact values, Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 10.3233/MNM-17150, 10, 2, … The study concluded that tested varieties of Date palm have the potential to inhibit bacterial biofilms and can be used for therapeutic purposes against biofilm producing pathogens. The fruits are significant components of our routine diets that comprise of numerous bio-active nutraceuticals, which improve our body’s power to combat various illnesses.2 The composites believed to be accountable for the defensive effects, include vitamin E, carotenoids and also polyphenols.3, Phytochemicals are the chemicals derived from plants and are useful for health when taken as part of the routine diet or medicine. Med. At 100mg/ml concentration of Ajwa and Khalas extracts exhibited higher percentage of biofilm inhibition against B. subtilis and 10mg/ml concentration of Khalas and Ajwa showed lower percentage of biofilm inhibition against P. multocida. West Coast Trees can help you bring the beauty of the desert to a home, building, or public park. The most important are: The Gaza Strip, especially Deir al-Balah ("Village of Dates"), is known for its exceptionally sweet red dates. Table 2 showed that TFC varies by changing the concentration and also by using different Date palm varieties. Antibacterial activities of Ajwa and Khalas against P. multocida (A) and B. subtilis (B). Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potential of Ethanolic Extracts of Selected Varieties of Date Palm. Recently the floral stalks have been found to be of ornamental value in households.[49]. The mechanical stability of the erythrocytic membrane is a better sign of the effect of various in vitro studies by chemical constituents for the screening of cytotoxicity. The date palm has been prized from remotest antiquity and may have originated in what is now Iraq. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed the presence of O–H, C=C and C–O functional groups in tested extracts. [20] The upper survival time limit of properly stored seeds remains unknown. Introduction. There is archaeological evidence of date cultivation in Mehrgarh around 7000 BCE, a Neolithic civilization in what is now western Pakistan,[14] and in eastern Arabia between 5530 and 5320 calBC. I have read and accept the terms and conditions, View permissions information for this article. Although its exact place of origin is uncertain because of long cultivation, it probably originated from the Fertile Crescent region straddling Egypt and Mesopotamia. Ethanol and acetone extracts of 'Amari', 'Barhi', 'Deglet Noor', 'Deri', 'Hadrawi', 'Hallawi', 'Hayani', 'Medjool', and 'Zahidi' fruit were analyze … Salman, M, Shahid, M, Jamil, A, Rahman, S. Aslam, J, Khan, SA, Cheruth, AJ, Mujib, A, Sharma, MP, Srivastava, PS. Some growers do not even maintain any male plants, as male flowers become available at local markets at pollination time. The results of present study indicated that Ajwa has higher moisture content (15.80 ± 0.46%) than Khalas (13.81 ± 0.3%). Condensed growth of bacteria was observed because of crystal violet. P. dactylifera have been grown in the Central East since preceding 6,000 years.14 Dates possess a large proportion of total sugars, protein, fat, crucial salts and minerals, vitMiamins and higher concentration of nutritional fibers. Reflecting the maritime trading heritage of Britain, imported chopped dates are added to, or form the main basis of a variety of traditional dessert recipes including sticky toffee pudding, Christmas pudding and date and walnut loaf. Figure 3. Nine of these survived and in 1935, cultivars were transferred to the "U.S. Ajwa and Khalas protected the calf thymus DNA against damage caused by hydroxyl radicals produced by fenton reagent. However, numerous established epidemiological studies reported that increased intake of fruits and vegetables are associated with indisposition and mortality from numerous persistent diseases such as cancer, cardio-vascular diseases, coronary heart diseases, aging, atherosclerosis, neuro-degenerative disorders and inflammation.1 World Health Organization (WHO) reported that 80 percent of global population rely on herbal medicines for certain feature of their primary health care requirements. The type of fruit depends on the glucose, fructose, and sucrose content. The assay was performed by using DNA of calf thymus. For this, few drops of the overnight culture of Bacillus subtilis and Pasteurella multocida was added on separate glass slides and incubated at 37°C for 14 h. Using phosphate buffer saline, the slides were washed and supplemented with Date palm extracts. Phytochemical Screening of Methanolic Extract of Five Libyan Date Varieties (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) And Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial Activity. 15 October 2008. Morphological analysis of Ajwa (A) and Khalas (B). Fossil records show that the date palm has existed for at least 50 million years. These activities of extracts against microorganism is because of their chemical constituents due to which extracts chemically react with cell membrane or cell wall of bacteria entering into the cell and destroy their cellular proteins and DNA structures. Department of Health and Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, Holloway Road, London, UK. Six-milligram-sample of six varieties of DPSs were pyrolyzed in an inert condition (argon atmosphere) with a constant flow rate of 100 ml/min for the entire range of experiments. Nutritional assessment and antioxidant analysis of 22 date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) varieties growing in Sultanate of Oman. View or download all the content the society has access to. Phase Contrast Microscopy showed the compact bacterial growth on slide of negative control in the absence of any antibacterial agent. Partially dried pitted dates may be glazed with glucose syrup for use as a snack food. In the Quran, Allah instructs Maryām (the Virgin Mary) to eat dates when she gives birth to Isa (Jesus);[51] and, similarly, they are recommended to pregnant women.[52]. Date palm leaves are used for Palm Sunday in the Christian religion. So, DPPH scavenging potential increases by increasing the quantity of various extracts of Khalas and Ajwa.37 Previous studies reported the highest concentration of polyphenols in date fruits among the dried fruits because of the extreme temperature and sunlight exposure for date fruits.7 Antioxidant potential of 28 fruits routinely used in China has been studied by Guo et al. fruits, Bioactive components and antioxidant properties of Terminalia arjuna L extracts, Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of leaves extract of date palm grown in Algeria, Preliminary phytochemical, pharmacognostical and physico-chemical evaluation of Cedrus deodara heartwood, In vitro antioxidant potential of selected aphrodisiac medicinal plants, Hemolytic activity of Indian medicinal plants towards human erythrocytes: an in vitro study, Evaluation of antioxidant and DNA damage protection activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of Desmostachya bipinnata L. Stapf, National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteriocin on Bacillus cereus biofilms, Somatic embryogenesis, scanning electron microscopy, histology and biochemical analysis at different developing stages of embryogenesis in six date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars, Extraction and characterization of cellulose from date palm seeds (Phoenix dactylifera L.), Assessment of the antidiabetic potential of the ethanolic extract of date palm (phoenix dactylifera) seed in alloxan-induced diabetic rats, Phenolic composition profiling of different edible parts and by-products of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by using HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS, A review on chemistry and pharmacology of Ajwa date fruit and pit, In vitro antioxidant activities of three selected dates from Tunisia (Phoenix dactylifera L.), Antioxidant activities of peel, pulp and seed fractions of common fruits as determined by FRAP assay, Protective effect of date palm fruit extract (Phoenix dactylifera L.) on dimethoate induced-oxidative stress in rat liver, Evaluation of the combinational antimicrobial effect of annona squamosa and phoenix dactylifera seeds methanolic extract on standard microbial strains, In-vitro antibacterial activities of Ajwa date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) extract against selected gram-negative bacteria causing gastroenteritis, Classification of some Iranian pomegranate (Punica granatum) cultivars by pollen morphology using scanning electron microscopy, SAGE Publications Inc, unless otherwise noted. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. Comparison of antioxidant activity, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and phenolics of three native fresh and sun-dried date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties grown in Oman J Agric Food Chem. They can be easily grown from seed, but only 50% of seedlings will be female and hence fruit bearing, and dates from seedling plants are often smaller and of poorer quality. CrossRef Google Scholar Traditionally the female flowers are the most available for sale and weigh 300–400 grams (11–14 oz). They are particularly available to eat whole at Christmas time. A date palm fruit is an important component of the diet in most of the hot arid and semi arid regions of the world. 'Thoory'). For more information view the SAGE Journals Article Sharing page. In Pakistan, a viscous, thick syrup made from the ripe fruits is used as a coating for leather bags and pipes to prevent leaking. Dactylifera is a combination of the Greek word dactylus, or "finger," and the Latin word ferous, or "bearing." Martius (1823 - 1853) described seven varieties of P. dactylifera, and Beccari (1890) a further two, using only loosely defined fruit characters. The present study data revealed P. dactylifera as rich source of antioxidants that play vital role in controlling the imbalance between reactive oxygen species and body’s ability to detoxify free radicals to repair the damage. Cytotoxic activity of tested varieties of Date palm was carried out through hemolytic assay using human red blood cells (RBCs). The present study aimed to estimate the individual and total phenols and antioxidant activity of the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of three premium quality date varieties (Khalas, Sukkari and Ajwa) from Saudi Arabia. Common Name Date Palm Most of the other species are grown specifically for ornamental use, not for their dates (and most are inedible). Eventually this stock was reintroduced to Africa and led to the U.S. production of dates in Yuma, Arizona, and the Bard Valley in California.[35]. Create a link to share a read only version of this article with your colleagues and friends. 1 Mature specimen of Phoenix dactylifera growing in Morocco with fruit clusters (infructescences) hanging below the leaves Fig. Date palm grows in many parts of the world. Powdered extract dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). View or download all content the institution has subscribed to. [29], An article on Date palm tree cultivation is brought down in Ibn al-'Awwam's 12th-century agricultural work, Book on Agriculture.[30]. Date Garden" in Indio, California. investigated the protective effect of date fruit extract against oxidative damage along with dimethoate induced hepatotoxicity on rat liver. Plants grown from cuttings will fruit 2–3 years earlier than seedling plants. Ikbel Souli, Xiaojun Liu, Thomas Lendormi, Nizar Chaira, Ali Ferchichi, Jean-Louis Lanoisellé, Anaerobic digestion of waste Tunisian date ( Phoenix dactylifera L.): effect of biochemical composition of pulp and seeds from six varieties , Environmental Technology, 10.1080/09593330.2020.1797900, (1 … The extracts and concentrations against selected bacterial strains showed significant antimicrobial activities. The present study aimed at investigating the physical and chemical properties as well as microbiological characteristics of five date palm cultivars cultivated in Sudan. Genetic variation among 43 date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) accessions, including 37 accessions from Morocco and 6 cultivars from Iraq and Tunisia, was studied using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. In the Bible palm trees are referenced as symbols of prosperity and triumph. The pre-screening of 123 primers Genetic variation among 43 date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) accessions, including 37 accessions from Morocco and 6 cultivars from Iraq and Tunisia, was studied using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Nowadays, the intake of fruits and vegetables are highly recommended for healthy life to fulfill the requirements of essential nutrients through these natural sources. Biofilm inhibition assay showed that increasing concentration of Ajwa and Khalas exhibited higher percentage of bacterial biofilm inhibition. Dates provide a wide range of essential nutrients, and are a very good source of dietary potassium. Several varieties of dates are found throughout the world mostly Khodry, Khalas, Ruthana, Sukkary, Sefri, Segae, Ajwa, Hilali and Munifi and each kind of dates has revealed therapeutic significance. [25] The NYU Abu Dhabi researchers had also re-sequenced the genomes of several date varieties to develop the first single nucleotide polymorphism map of the date palm genome in 2015.[26]. Djibouti, Somalia, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman Phoenix canariensis Chabaud: Canary Island date palm 7: 591-598. AL Juhaimi, F., Ghafoor, K., & Özcan, M. M. (2012). You can be signed in via any or all of the methods shown below at the same time. Table 2. By continuing to browse The e-mail addresses that you supply to use this service will not be used for any other purpose without your consent. 7: 591-598. One of the best-known palms, Phoenix dactylifera (Date Palm) is a tall evergreen palm tree with a slender trunk topped with a crown of 100 - 120 gracefully arching, feather-like fronds that can reach 10-16 ft. in length (3-5 m). [15] and have been cultivated since ancient times from Mesopotamia to prehistoric Egypt. Many cultivars are potentially referrable to any one of these names because of the brevity of the descriptions so … Date palms appear in the archaeological record in North Africa about 2,800 years ago, suggesting that the hybrid was spread by the Minoans or Phoenicians.[22]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2014, 186 (4) , 2165-2170. Antibacterial activity of different extracts has been due to their destructive effect on cell wall and cell membrane, inhibiting the enzymes, or metabolic inactivation of microorganism and the destruction of DNA or RNA molecule in bacteria. Introduction. 53, 2005, 7592-7599. doi:10.1021/jf050579q [42] Some designs were patented. Corresponding Author The mean percent of moisture, protein, lipid and ash were 29.35, 3.3, 0.42 and 2.25 g/100 g (fresh weight basis), respectively. At about 61-68 percent sugar by mass when dried, dates are a very sweet fruit. Date seeds are also ground and used in the manner of coffee beans, or as an additive to coffee. Phoenix dactylifera L. commonly known as date palm is one of the oldest and most popular fruit trees in the hot arid regions of the world, particularly in the Gulf countries of the Middle East. J Agric Food Chem 2005; 53(19): 7592-9. A large number of date cultivars are grown. 'Barhee', 'Halawy', 'Khadrawy', 'Medjool'); semi-dry (e.g. Fahad Khalid Aldhafiri, Evaluation of biochemical parameters, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of some varieties of Phoenix dactylifera L. (Date fruits) to determine the nutritional impact values, Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 10.3233/MNM-17150, 10, 2, … Phoenix dactylifera L, commonly known as Date palm is a member of palm family Arecaceae, and it is one of the major staple crops in Africa and parts of Asia. The inhibition zones (mm) as a measure of antibacterial activity of tested varieties of P. dactylifera are shown in Figure 2. The ancient Egyptians used the fruits to make date wine, and ate them at harvest. The species name dactylifera "date-bearing" comes from the Greek words daktylos (δάκτυλος), which means "date" (also "finger"),[10] and fero (φέρω), which means "I bear". [4][5][6] P. dactylifera is the type species of genus Phoenix, which contains 12–19 species of wild date palms, and is the major source of commercial production. and found that the date fruits have the second highest antioxidant activities following Hawthorn.38 In another study, Saafi et al. Manuscript content on this site is licensed under Creative Commons Licenses, Therapeutic Potential of Selected Varieties of Phoenix Dactylifera L. Against Microbial Biofilm and Free Radical Damage to DNA, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/, https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage. The study results showed significant antibacterial activities of the tested varieties of P. dactylifera against both the tested bacterial strains namely P. multocida and B. Subtilis. This site uses cookies. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click on download. Asian Pac. Usteh-khurma (fruit), nukhal (leaves), (Arabic), [Beccari (1890)]. The peak at 1410.05 entimetre−1 for Ajwa and 1414.22 cm−1 for Khalas may represent C=C (aromatic groups). Al-Farsi M, Alasalvar C, Morris A, Baron M, Shahidi F. Comparison of antioxidant activity, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and phenolics of three native fresh and sun-dried date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties grown in Oman. Med. It would be worthwhile embarking on an intensive scientific experimentation and investigation on this apparently valuable medicinal plant and to promote its large-scale utilization. 4927. Sign in here to access free tools such as favourites and alerts, or to access personal subscriptions, If you have access to journal content via a university, library or employer, sign in here, Research off-campus without worrying about access issues. The email address and/or password entered does not match our records, please check and try again. Most commercial plantations thus use cuttings of heavily cropping cultivars. Introduction. Authors also acknowledge the guidance and support of Incharge, Bioassay section, Medicinal Biochemistry Research Lab, Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, in conducting and completing this research work. (2017). FundingThe author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. In the presence of calf thymus DNA and Fenton reagent in lane 3 to 8 showed no smear formation. Dates are an important traditional crop in Iraq, Iran, Arabia, and north Africa west to Morocco. The term variety is used here to describe a distinct phenotypic class of dates and if the Diboun et al. Keywords. The ferric reducing power potential was confirmed by the change of yellow color of the test solution to various shades of green and blue depending on the concentration of the plant extract, the highest reducing power was obtained by using 100mg/mL concentration of Ajwa (19.3 ± 0.09) and lowest was (4.95 ± 0.06) by using 10mg/mL concentration of Khalas. The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the oldest cultivated trees and is intimately tied to the history of human civilization.There are hundreds of commercial cultivars with distinct fruit shapes, colors, and sizes growing mainly in arid lands from the west of North Africa to India. Powder of Date palm seed is utilized in customary prescriptions to treat toothache.16, Dates are reported to provide defense against oxidative destruction as a result of the phagocytic action of lymphocytes against pathogens and insects due to the presence of large quantity of dietary fibers, selenium, carotenoids, ascorbate and other essential antioxidants. Results of the antibacterial activities of studied varieties of P. dactylifera namely Ajwa and Khalas by using 100mg/mL concentration against selected bacterial strains i-e P. multocida and B. Subtilis are given in Table 3 as inhibition zone (IZ; mm) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC; µg/mL). Physical and chemical properties, antioxidant activity, total phenol and mineral profile of seeds of seven different date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties.International Journal of Food Sciences and … Their oil is suitable for use in cosmetics and dermatological applications. The results of biofilm inhibition assay of Ajwa and Khalas at varying concentrations are given in Table 4 and Figure 3 below. Martius (1823 - 1853) described seven varieties of P. dactylifera, and Beccari (1890) a further two, using only loosely defined fruit characters. The sugar content of ripe dates is about 80%; the remainder consists of protein, fiber, and trace elements including boron, cobalt, copper, fluorine, magnesium, manganese, selenium, and zinc. 1188 1753 . Vitamin C was used as positive control in DPPH assay and Triton X-100 as positive control for lysis of RBCs. In North Africa, they are commonly used for making huts. The peaks observed at 1633.11 cm−1 for Ajwa and 1633.43 cm−1 for Khalas is consigned to C=C functional group. Contact us if you experience any difficulty logging in. studied the antibacterial activity of hot aqueous and methanol extracts of Ajwa date fruit against Gram negative bacteria including S. typhi, E. coli, V. Cholera and S. flexneri through well diffusion method. Fossil records show that the date palm has existed for at least 50 million years. The full span of the crown ranges from 6–10 m (20–33 ft). Fatty acid content of the seeds from 14 varieties of date palm Phoenix dactylifera L. Walid Al‐Shahib. Jaganathan, V, Shanmugavadivu, M, Ganesh, S. Belmir, S, Boucherit, K, Boucherit-Otmani, Z, Belhachemi, M-H. Martín-Sánchez, AM, Cherif, S, Ben-Abda, J, Barber-Vallés, X, Pérez-Álvarez, JÁ, Sayas-Barberá, E. Al-Alawi, RA, Al-Mashiqri, JH, Al-Nadabi, JS, Al-Shihi, BI, Baqi, Y. El Sohaimy, S, Abdelwahab, A, Brennan, CS, Aboul-Enein, A. Benmeddour, Z, Mehinagic, E, Le Meurlay, D, Louaileche, H. Mansouri, A, Embarek, G, Kokkalou, E, Kefalas, P. El Hilaly, J, Ennassir, J, Benlyas, M, Alem, C, Amarouch, MY, Filali-Zegzouti, Y. El-Far, A, Shaheen, H, Abdel-Daim, M, Al Jaouni, S, Mousa, S. Ghnimi, S, Umer, S, Karim, A, Kamal-Eldin, A. Khan, SA, Al Kiyumi, AR, Al Sheidi, MS, Al Khusaibi, TS, Al Shehhi, NM, Alam, T. Zakavi, F, Golpasand Hagh, L, Daraeighadikolaei, A, Farajzadeh Sheikh, A, Daraeighadikolaei, A, Leilavi Shooshtari, Z. Jridi, M, Souissi, N, Salem, MB, Ayadi, M, Nasri, M, Azabou, S. Chatha, SAS, Hussain, AI, Rehan, A, Mudasir, M, Nosheen, A. Laouini, S, Segni, L, Ouahrani, M, Gherraf, N, Mokni, S. Jain, S, Jain, A, Vaidya, A, Kumar, D, Jain, V. NCCLS . Introduction. The high nutritive value suggests that Phoenix dactylifera can be used as formulation in various dietary supplements.33. [3], Date trees typically reach about 21–23 metres (69–75 ft) in height,[7] growing singly or forming a clump with several stems from a single root system. Date fruits are oval-cylindrical, 3–7 cm (1.2–2.8 in) long, and 2–3 cm (0.79–1.18 in) diameter, and when ripe, range from bright red to bright yellow in colour, depending on variety. Closely connected to the history of Human migrations, the first cultivated varieties of Phoenix dactylifera are thought to have originated around Mesopotamia and the Upper Arabian Gulf some 6700 to 6000 before the present. Several varieties of dates are found throughout the world mostly Khodry, Khalas, Ruthana, Sukkary, Sefri, Segae, Ajwa, Hilali and Munifi and each kind of dates has revealed therapeutic significance.13 Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) has a place in plant family Arecaceae that surrounds around 200 species with about 3,000 classes. [3] The species is widely cultivated across Northern Africa, the Middle East, the Horn of Africa and South Asia, and is naturalized in many tropical and subtropical regions worldwide.
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